Global Greening and Trillion Trees Initiative for better reforestation and regreening of planet Earth
                     Global Greening and Trillion Trees Initiative – 03-04.2023
This article deals with the most important processes for all life and the 
biosphere on planet Earth - the global greening process and urban greening. 
It is written in English and in a very simple language to make it easier to 
understand. The article and very important paper will be translated also into 
other languages to explain and understand some things even better. First we 
will look at the concept and terms, later different functions, meanings, 
possibilities and potentials.
Global Greening and Regreening is the process of restoring natural ecosystems
and increasing green spaces on our planet. This includes reforestation or 
afforestation, expanding vegetation in cities, and other measures to increase 
green space in rural areas. Global greening is important for a number of 
reasons, including because it creates habitat for wildlife, reduces air and water 
pollution, and mitigates the effects of climate change. It also provides an 
important source of food, fuel, and other essential resources for many people 
around the world. There is man-made greening and natural greening. Everyone
can make up their own mind about it - but read more to understand bad, good 
and other sides or aspects. Today many talk much about 'green things', but 
green is not always green, most people should finally understand, because if 
we talk about green we mean mostly nature, environmental friendly things or 
just green colours – but nature is not just green and blue like most of the 
'experts' and media say or write. It is much more and to bring some colors and
diversity into these topics Greening Deserts became a new logo and works in 
diverse areas. The Global Greening and Trillion Trees Initiative shows also
many aspects of nature and our colorful planet. Now read more why it is so 
important to understand how the worldwide greening process affects all life on 
Earth and what we all can do better.
Global greening is an important part of creating a better and greener future on 
planet Earth along with all life forms. To re-green and reforest the biosphere, 
nature is our greatest ally, everyone else who thinks they or their partners are 
or have "the solution" are lying. You can read here the best, only and really 
true solution - nature and many will prove it to you, as so many times before. 
Read more now about how the Global Greening organization began as a private
and collaborative project, how it became a worldwide movement and finally an 
institution.
The Global Greening Project and future organization was founded many 
years ago as the main project of the Greening Deserts and Trillion Trees 
Initiative. The founder published many articles, innovative ideas and papers 
about the regreening and reforestation movement. GlobalGreening.org is 
and will be the main platform in the future, also for the development 
organization. The project is linked to Greening Deserts developments such as 
the global Greening Camps. It has long been a private initiative as part of the 
Trillion Trees Project. The Global Greening Institution wants to build an 
additional platform for Southern Europe and Africa, including the Drought 
Research Institute with its online platform DroughtResearch.com. With 
real active and financial support, the Global Greening Institute will also build a 
real building with the first nations that will really support us this year and have
supported us in the first days - the Greening Campus and Institute can be built
at any major Greening Camp still in the first year! All the organizations that 
have supported us financially will also be the main partners or sponsors, 
depending on the form and amount of support they have provided. They will 
make world history (or not) and some have even already made it, because 
historical archives, libraries and universities have stored a lot of background 
and information sent to them. Thousands of experts and scientists got emails.
Global greening efforts can be undertaken by businesses, governments and 
individuals in many countries. It is a continuous work and long-term 
investment that can have positive effects on both, our economy and 
environment. With the right plans and policies in place, global greening efforts 
can help to reduce poverty, improve public health and create a more equitable 
world for everyone – it even can accelerate the global cooling and peace 
process. Governments can invest in real sustainable reforestation projects and 
green initiatives to help to reduce man-made climate change impacts and 
provide healthier environments or habitats for their citizens and also all other 
humans worldwide. Businesses who do or support global greening solutions 
and invest in green technologies, renewable energy sources, cleantech or 
greentech can reduce the carbon footprint or emissions, pollution and increase 
their sustainability. Individuals can also taking part by planting trees, reducing 
energy consumption, much waste and start advocating for greener or more 
sustainable solutions.
Global greening is one of the most important goals and tasks of humanity that 
can be achieved through a combination of cultural, individual, regional, societal
and international efforts. Global greening is also global cooling and promotes 
or supports peacebuilding and peacekeeping. People in a healthier and greener
environment are more peaceful and healthy. Together we humans can restore 
our natural ecosystems, reduce negative climate change effects or harmful 
man-made influences on nature and create a better future for us and planet 
Earth. There are a number of general and potential solutions for global 
greening like explained in this article. Most of them can be implemented at a 
local, regional, national and global level. Read also more on our project and 
network pages to understand the complexity and connections.
Before continuing with the main topics of the article, the Global Greening 
and Trillion Trees Initiative initiators are proud to announce some really 
great news! We have planned tree planting campaigns for 58 billion trees in 
North, East and West Africa - many tree species should be African, native or
indigenous and endangered species, we hope international experts will also 
help us with this. Some countries where greening camps were started years 
ago will of course be included, such as  Algeria, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, 
Tanzania and Uganda - of course, only if the governments allow and support it.
Responsible people of all affected regions will be included, informed and asked 
for support at the right time, especially before tree planting activities will 
begin. They can also contact us through the official channels and pages.
Another good news is that we plan tree planting actions, campaigns and 
greening camps for 42 billion native Australian trees like the methane 
composting or storage trees. More tree species will be planted of course, not 
just in Australia but also in South Asia. The MethaneStorage and 
WetForest.org projects are also part of the global greening process and to 
establish more healthier and resilent ecosystems who can store and transform 
more greenhouse gases! More wet forests and wetlands with trees are 
essential to reduce warming of forests and wetlands, to prevent dry forest soils
and methane storage capacities. Check Greening Deserts articles and posts or 
tweets of the Trillion Trees Initiative and @TrillionTreesEU, too. 
Understand why global greening is so important for all life on planet Earth and 
what vertical farming and urban greening can do to improve global greening 
efforts. 
For more diverse trees and plants in northern regions we plan to cultivate and 
share also many species of marshlands, moor-, swamp- and wetlands. The 
focus is on wet forests but also on woods and many single trees in tundra 
landscapes. The plan is to plant up to 100 billion trees in taiga and tundra 
regions, it will also help to cool down the regions, prevent permafrost thawing
and higher methane releases! It is a mammoth task and one of the largest 
actions. Each day counts and we hope the northern nations will support us fast
as possible to build the first greening and ecosystem restoration camps there. 
Global Greening is a term used to describe the process of increasing 
vegetation cover and plant growth across the planet. One of the main causes 
of global greening is the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due 
to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is an 
important nutrient for plants, and higher concentrations in the atmosphere 
have led to increased growth and expansion of forests and vegetation around 
the world. Despite the positive effects of global greening, deforestation 
remains a significant problem, particularly in regions such as the Amazon 
rainforest and Indonesia, where large areas of forest are being cleared for 
agriculture, mining and other forms of industrial or problematic developments. 
Deforestation has serious environmental consequences, leading to biodiversity 
loss, increased carbon and methane emissions, soil erosion and land 
degradation. The opposite of Global Greening is Global Browning, a process 
that is unfortunately increasing rapidly every year. As many ecosystems 
reaching their limits, the greening effect continues to decreasing and land 
degradation and desertification are rapidly increasing. Since many years 
Greening Deserts has been educating people about such problems and offering
innovative solutions.
Vertical Farming is an innovative agricultural technique that involves growing
crops in vertically stacked layers using artificial light and controlled 
environmental conditions. Vertical farms can be set up in urban areas and can 
produce high volumes of crops and trees without requiring large amounts of 
land or water. Vertical farming can contribute to global greening and 
reforestation in several ways. First, it can help reduce pressure on natural 
forests and ecosystems by providing an alternative source of food and 
resources. Second, it can increase overall vegetation in urban areas, which can
help mitigate the effects of urban heat islands and provide a number of other 
benefits, such as improved air quality and reduced noise pollution. Vertical 
farming is the future of efficient and sustainable agriculture for urban areas. It 
can help combat climate change by reducing the carbon footprint and harmful 
impacts of conventional agriculture. By growing crops locally and using energy-
efficient technologies, vertical farming can significantly reduce the carbon 
emissions associated with transporting food long distances and producing it 
using conventional farming methods. By using urban land such as rooftops and
walls for agriculture, cities can increase their food security while reducing their 
carbon emissions. For example, rooftop gardens and urban greenhouses can 
provide fresh produce to local communities, reduce the urban heat island 
effect, and capture rainwater that can be used to irrigate crops.
Many of these reasons were also a factor why Greening Deserts has been 
developing concepts and projects like the Urban Greening Camp for years. 
Innovative methods and techniques have been further developed as well as 
interesting Vertical Farming developments have been shared with the society - 
also regionally and internationally. Since 2016, three advanced types of 
greening facilities have been developed, the main facilities are Greening Camps
for land sites with agroforestry, agrovoltaics, greenhouses and nursery. 
Rainwater or seawater treatment plants, solar and wind energy will provide the
needed energy - more energy can be stored in energy storage parks and 
converted to hydrogen. The second type is a model urban greening facility, the 
concept of Urban Greening facility includes extended Vertical Farming concepts,
Cleantech and Greentech developments and in principle can be established in 
any major city as a specialized nursery for city and people. These concepts are 
unique and have been published several times by Greening Deserts founders 
on different networks and sites!
The vision is that all major regions affected by deforestation, desertification, 
and land degradation can use these camps to do reforestation, regreening or 
revegetation, soil improvement and freshwater harvesting faster and more 
efficiently than any other solution ever. Copying the concepts only confirms 
that Greening Deserts' developments work. The best thing would be to ask and
involve the founder, together we can improve and develop Greening Camps 
much further, even to the Moon and Mars - just kidding, but the reality is that 
the world could use thousands of such facilities to really reduce and then stop 
man-made desertification and land degradation! We must ask ourselves why 
officials and responsible people or organizations who know this since years still 
do not support Greening Deserts? This ignorance is not only killing the 
environment and many life forms every year, it will destroy all humanity! Time 
is running out, every day counts.
Here come some more important points about why urban greening and
global greening are so important to all of us - and why they are the 
only big, comprehensive or realistic global solution to urban greening, 
global greening and cooling. The article is written in a very simple  
language that even children can understand.
Urban greening, ecological forestry, and sustainable cropping solutions such 
as agroforestry and regenerative agriculture are important components of 
global greening efforts. These approaches can help increase vegetation cover, 
restore degraded ecosystems, and mitigate the effects of climate change. 
Urban greening refers to increasing vegetation cover in urban areas. This 
includes planting trees, creating green spaces, and using green roofs and 
walls. Urban greening has several benefits such as improving air quality, 
reducing the heat island effect, and increasing biodiversity. Urban greening can
provide a source of food and other resources, which can help reduce pressure 
on natural ecosystems. It has a positive impact on biodiversity and provides 
more healthy habitats for people and a variety of animal and plant species - 
similar to the concept of allotment gardens developed in Leipzig. All of these 
measures help create more green spaces that can provide important habitat 
for many native species, especially insects and pollinators such as bees, 
butterflies and wasps.
Ecological forestry or ecoforestry, is an approach to forest management 
that aims to balance environmental, social, and economic goals. Ecoforestry 
focuses on preserving natural ecosystems, using sustainable harvesting 
techniques, and involving local communities in forest management. Ecoforestry
can help maintain and restore forest ecosystems that are critical for carbon 
sequestration, biodiversity, and the provision of ecosystem services. 
Agroforestry is an agricultural technique that combines growing trees with 
cropping or raising livestock. This approach can help increase soil fertility, 
reduce erosion, and provide farmers with a source of income. By planting trees
in and around cropland, farmers can improve soil health by increasing soil 
organic matter and improving soil water-holding capacity. Trees can also 
provide shade and windbreaks for crops, which can lead to reduced water use 
and increased crop yields. Agroforestry can also contribute to global greening 
by increasing vegetation cover and restoring degraded lands. Agroforestry and 
regenerative agriculture can also help improve the health and resilience of soil 
ecosystems. Through the use of crop rotations, cover crops, and natural 
fertilizers, these approaches can improve soil fertility and reduce the need for 
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. This can help reduce the environmental 
impact of agriculture and promote the long-term sustainability of food 
production.
Regenerative agriculture is an agricultural approach that focuses on 
restoring soil health and using sustainable agricultural practices. Regenerative 
agriculture can help increase soil carbon sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, and improve biodiversity. This approach can also contribute to 
global greening by increasing vegetation cover and restoring degraded lands. 
One of the most important benefits of regenerative agriculture is its potential 
to sequester large amounts of carbon in the soil. Carbon sequestration refers 
to the process of taking up and storing carbon from the atmosphere in plants 
and soils. By increasing the amount of organic matter in the soil, regenerative 
agriculture can help store large amounts of carbon, which in turn can mitigate 
the effects of climate change. Together with agroforestry and vertical farming, 
these are the best sustainable farming practices that can contribute greatly to 
global greening, healing and re-greening. 
Another important factor to consider in global greening efforts is the role of 
technologies. Advances in technology have the potential to significantly 
improve sustainable land use practices, including urban greening, ecological 
forestry, agroforestry, and regenerative agriculture. For example, precision 
agriculture technologies can be used to optimize crop yields while reducing 
fertilizer and water use, promoting sustainable land use practices. Similarly, 
remote sensing technologies can be used to monitor and map changes in forest
cover and land use, providing valuable information for forest management and 
conservation. It is important to recognize that the use of some technologies in 
global greening efforts should be approached with caution. While some of the 
technologies have the potential to improve sustainable land use practices, they
can also have negative impacts on the environment and society. For example, 
the use of genetically modified crops can lead to the loss of genetic diversity 
and the emergence of new pests and diseases. The use of technology in global 
greening and green developments, honest climate and environmental 
protection should be led by really good experts and responsible scientists, 
especially those with strong ethical and legal frameworks - like the Scientists 
for Global Responsibility. This includes policies and regulations that promote 
the safe and responsible use of technologies and the protection of biodiversity 
and ecosystems.
Global Greening must not be misused for Greenwashing or Treewashing, as it
has unfortunately already happened with many tree planting and 
environmental protection campaigns. You only have to search the media and 
the internet for terms like 30x30, Carbon Credits, Green Colonialism, 
Greenwashing, Land Grabbing, Net Zero and New Green Deal or Nature 
Positive and you will find a lot of scandals and scarry backgrounds. Read also 
more about all the problems with carbon credits, which even made the global 
situation immensely worse. The same goes for biodiversity credits and the idea
of financialization of nature and a nature market - another bad idea of certain 
actors from the UK, London or the Bank of England and Wall Street. Such ideas
and concepts can not only cause more damage and destruction to the 
biosphere, but also accelerate mass extinction, pollution and the sellout of 
nature. The European Union and United Nations is primarily responsible and 
has the biggest responsibility to reverse and stop these trends. 
Urban greening, ecological forestry, and sustainable agricultural 
solutions such as agroforestry, permaculture, regenerative agriculture,
and vertical farming are important components of global greening efforts. 
These main solutions can help increase healthier and more natural vegetation, 
restore degraded ecosystems, and mitigate the effects of climate change. By 
combining these approaches with other measures such as reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and promoting sustainable development, humanity may be able 
to stop accelerating global warming, biodiversity loss, and mass extinctions 
before it is too late - around the year 2030? It is no joke and very serious, 
some tipping points have already been passed and any further tipping point is 
likely to trigger cascading effects that cannot be stopped by human action!
Most developments require a holistic approach that takes into account the 
social, cultural, economic and environmental dimensions of 
sustainability. This also requires collaboration and partnership among various
stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and local 
communities. For this reason, Greening Deserts would like to establish the 
GlobalGreening organization with a extra international platform that 
involves indigenous and local regions affected by the aforementioned issues 
and in need of professional support. With adequate and financial support from 
each government and the United Nations, we could finally continue important 
developments, infrastructures and platforms for the global Greening Camp(s), 
Trillion Trees Initiative,.... We also want to establish a special commission or 
team on Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples to better communicate and 
share on all important issues so we can work more efficiently and achieve the 
best results.   
It is important to recognize the role that indigenous communities and 
local people play in global environmental efforts. Many of these communities 
have traditional knowledge and practices that can promote sustainable land 
use and provide valuable insights into truly healthy as well as natural 
revegetation processes. In the Amazon rainforest, for example, indigenous 
communities have long practiced agroforestry and other sustainable land use 
practices that promote biodiversity and soil fertility. By working with these 
communities and incorporating their traditional knowledge into global 
revegetation and greening efforts, it is possible to promote sustainable land 
use and conserve biodiversity while supporting the livelihoods of local people. 
In Africa, for example, traditional agroforestry practices have been used for 
centuries to promote soil fertility, reduce erosion, and support food security. By
incorporating these practices, it is possible to promote sustainable agriculture 
and support local communities. 
Community forest management initiatives can promote sustainable forest 
management while supporting the livelihoods of local communities. Similarly, 
participatory plant breeding programs can promote the development of locally 
adapted crop varieties and support the resilience of smallholder farmers. Many 
of these truly highly efficient, innovative, and sustainable solutions also often 
manage water issues, water balance, and avoid many water problems. 
Wetlands, rivers and forests are the greatest air and water filters or purifiers, 
including with respect to many pollutants. In addition, forests are the largest 
freshwater reservoirs in the world! So expanding and establishing more 
forested areas or even completely new forests not only ensures these 
important ecosystem services like water storage and supply, it also contributes 
to regional climate regulation and food security. More on this in further articles
Global greening efforts can be more successful if the root causes of 
deforestation and land degradation are addressed. This includes addressing the
causes of deforestation, such as agricultural expansion, mining, and 
infrastructure development. It also requires addressing the underlying social 
and economic issues that contribute to unsustainable land use practices, such 
as poverty, lack of access to education, health care, water, and other essential 
resources. Corruption, ignorance and political instability, poor governance or 
management are other important factors. Without addressing and resolving all 
of these factors in the right way, it is very difficult or even impossible to truly 
change the problems mentioned. Corruption, lack of will, lack of support and 
lack of understanding are perhaps the biggest problem of our time - making 
everything worse and driving humanity into the conflicts and wars we see 
today. You can read more details about these problems and really effective 
solutions like peace consolidation or peace building in the other articles.  There
will be another article soon about global greening, peacebuilding and 
innovative solutions that can really improve everything. It depends of course 
on you and many people around the world to recognize, communicate and 
convince your local people or national government to finally understand the 
real causes and sustainable solutions, to focus on solving the root causes and 
not fight symptoms or windmills! Honest, sustainable and environmentally 
conscious actions, sustainable consumption and lifestyles should be taken more
seriously by all and thus also contribute to a better society and healthier world.
Global Greening, Sustainable Living, sustainable consumption, production and 
working worldwide as well as the realization of real changes should be terms 
and changes of the year 2023 and upcoming years.
If more people work together and harness the power of good technology 
and social innovation, we can create a more sustainable and resilient future for
ourselves and all life on the planet. It is also very important to consider the 
role of social developments and innovations in global greening efforts. Social 
innovation, truly sustainable developments, and the implementation of new 
solutions to social and environmental challenges can improve many things if 
people accept them, believe in them, or understand them. Engaging 
communities and civil society is one of the main tasks, like Greening Deserts' 
public and social work, which you can see on the social and project pages.
Another important topic to understand the big picture is the forms of financing 
and real good money. It is one of the last main topics of this article and will 
show that money is important, but only one factor - and that many of the 
global greening and/or other greening factors mentioned do not directly need 
money - and if they do, proper forms of financing or financial support. Most 
people misunderstand money, the function and types of finance or financing.
Sustainable financing models and greener forms of financing can be a 
critical component of ecological and global greening efforts. Transitioning to 
more sustainable land use practices often requires significant investments in 
infrastructure, technology, research and development, and capacity building. 
These investments are critical to promoting sustainable development and 
mitigating the impacts of climate change, but require significant and sustained 
financial resources. Funding for global greening and/or other greening efforts 
can come from a variety of sources, including government budgets, private 
sector investment, international aid, and philanthropic funds. For example, 
many countries have established climate or environmental funds to support 
investments in sustainable land use practices and climate mitigation and 
adaptation. Private sector investment can play a critical role in financing 
sustainable land use practices. Investment vehicles that finance projects with 
environmental benefits, have become an increasingly popular way for 
companies to finance sustainable development initiatives.
Ensuring that more funding goes to projects and initiatives that have a positive
impact on the environment and society. This requires strong environmental and
social safeguards, as well as robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms 
that ensure accountability and transparency. Funding should be targeted to the
most vulnerable and marginalized societies, depending on the business, 
project, and region. These communities often bear the brunt of environmental 
degradation and climate change impacts and may not have the resources and 
capacity to implement sustainable land use practices on their own. Greening 
Deserts therefore calls for the funding of many greening programs or projects 
to be designed and determined to promote equity and social justice, prioritizing
the needs of the most vulnerable and marginalized communities. These 
communities often bear the brunt of environmental degradation and climate 
change impacts and may not have the resources and capacity to implement 
sustainable land use practices on their own.
Global greening, revegetation, and reforestation also have important 
implications for human health and well-being. True forests, healthy 
ecosystems, and green infrastructure provide important ecosystem functions 
and services that are critical to human health, including clean air and water, 
food security, and protection from natural disasters. Afforestation and 
reforestation can provide economic benefits, especially to local communities, if 
they are long-term and truly sustainable. Forests and other natural resources 
can provide a source of income and employment for communities through 
activities such as agroforestry courses, ecotourism, and the sale of non-timber 
forest products. This can help promote economic development and reduce 
poverty, especially in rural areas and countries that need better income for 
their rural residents.
Regarding the potential benefits of global greening, revegetation, and 
reforestation, it should be noted that these processes can provide a range of 
ecosystem services beyond carbon sequestration. For example, forests can 
help regulate water flow and prevent soil erosion, which can be particularly 
important in areas prone to flooding or drought. Forests can also promote 
biodiversity by providing habitat for threatened or endangered species, among 
other things. In addition, reforestation and revegetation can help restore 
degraded land and increase its productivity, which can be important for food 
security and livelihoods. It is important to prioritize the promotion of diverse 
and sustainable reforestation and revegetation practices that address the 
needs and perspectives of local communities. We have shown many examples 
on our pages and on platforms like Twitter - most of which are very successful.
Some Greening Deserts projects and developments are new, others are very 
creative, but most of them are based on ancient or traditional methods of 
indigenous cultures that still function as they did many thousands of years ago.
It is not just about the knowledge and history of indigenous peoples, but also 
about their contribution to global health and the fact that they protect about 
80% of the world's biodiversity. It is sad that so many people, and especially 
governments and some of the United Nations, still ignore these facts and carry 
on as before. In the end, one question will open your eyes. Did you know that 
ecological forestry, aquaponics, hydroponics, permaculture and even the main 
factors of vertical agriculture were invented by indigenous peoples - just like 
soccer? If you know such background and history, you may understand why 
indigenous peoples are so important to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem 
restoration, environmental health, and the global greening process - which we,
the Greening Deserts community, have been promoting and supporting for 
years.
Short Abstract: Global greening works and efforts are essential for promoting
sustainable development and mitigating the effects of climate change. Urban 
greening, ecological forestry, agroforestry, regenerative agriculture, and 
vertical farming are important components of a comprehensive strategy to 
promote sustainable land use practices, sustainable ways of living, producing, 
and working. These approaches need to be complemented by the use of truly 
effective and sustainable technologies, policies and regulations that promote 
sustainability, social innovation, international collaboration, and financing. If we
all work together more and engage with civil society, we can create a more 
sustainable and resilient future for our planet. This is what Greening Deserts, 
projects and communities have been trying to do for many years - with much 
success, but also with many problems created by crises, pandemics and wars 
in Europe caused by some people. Especially ignorant and corrupt politicians, 
corruption and ignorance of certain authorities, organizations and institutions 
up to the highest offices or functions are main causes and problems which 
should be addressed by all people - especially in the EU and UN!
Greening Camps are designed for creating greater biodiversity in cities, urban 
areas and greener landscapes. The Greening Camp concept is an innovative 
model for all major cities and landscapes that need better, faster and more 
efficient greening, re-greening, reforestation, renewable energy storage and 
water management. The entire concept has never been published and only 
trusted partners have insight to protect important key elements and factors 
from misuse - many parts are even just in printed form. Back to one important
point all can or should know. Trees can be cultivated or protected indoors for 
many years, even in drought areas or in difficult terrain. That is why the Urban
Greening Camp and Research Facility for Climate Adaptation, Tree Planting and
Vertical Agriculture was launched in 2020 - to test and improve all useful 
things related to indoor arboriculture. It is the world's first vertical farming 
company that started with various research and indoor tree cultivation, as well 
as palms, shrubs, herbs and other crops. The focus is on endangered plant and
tree species. Each larger facility will have additional seed storage and breeding 
rooms. Each facility will be powered by solar, wind and hydro energy. The first 
pilot plant is the most energy efficient plant in the world, having been 
optimized for this purpose for over a year! This has been analyzed and can be 
proven, also based on experience in this field. The founder has been working 
on urban greening and vertical agriculture for more than eight years! 
More important contributions and messages of Global Greening and Trillion 
Trees Initiative in 2022 and 2023 – many tweets or retweets are from March:
2017 was the official start and 2018 the launch of the #TrillionTreesInitiative 
announced many times by Change Games, Greening Deserts and @DJOGC. 
The Global Greening movement and Trillion Trees Initiative for Africa and 
Europe runs many years now. #DesertGreening #GlobalGreening 
Agroforestry and regenerative agriculture are the best solution, in the 
short and long term. Use drip irrigation, green ground covers with herbs for 
example, to protect soils. Optimize permaculture and save extra rainwater with
solar panels and tanks. #Agrovoltaik #ProtectSoils 
Agroforestry is great, but without crops or fruits you can't survive. Food forests
and trees need many years or even decades until they grow and provide 
enough fruits or seeds for food security. We recommend to use mixed cultures 
with herbs, hemp and vegetables from beginning. 
Agroforesty, ecoforestry and sustainable farming with trees, real efficient, 
healthy, innovative and proven methods worked for millennia. Indigenous 
knowledge and practices like permaculture are the world's best solutions. 
#FoodForest #FoodSecurity #IntlForestDay #WaterForest s 
After extreme drought years in Germany forests and trees are dying. Mortality 
rates are rising for all major tree species in Europe! More biodiversity, climate 
change adaptation and resilience, reducing deforestation and pollution? 
greeningdeserts.com/drought-… science.org/content/article/ 
All the work is to improve the global greening and peace process, you can read
more here and on the projects or works @GreeningDeserts.com. For a better 
or monthly overview just scroll down or use the search function like: 
(from:trilliontreesin) until:2023-03-31 since:2023-03-01 
Already 2019 we talked about 300 million new trees to be replanted! 
For years we have been informing and demanding to do more for 
climate adaptation, forest health, large-scale reforestation and soil 
protection! #DRR #Europe #ForestLake #WetForest #Waters 
zeit.de/wissen/umwelt/2019-0… 
Approx 15 billion trees are lost due to deforestation, climate, environmental or 
natural disasters like droughts and forest fires ~ 5 billion trees are planted, is a
net loss of more than 10 billion per year. Consider survival rates and that the 
estimated numbers are years old. 
Many people and organizations had the idea of planting many billions, one or a 
few trillion trees - such as indigenous people, foresters or tree planters from 
Africa, Australia and Canada. The history dates back to the 60s and well 
beyond. 
A study estimated that African forests capacity to remove carbon will decrease 
many percent by 2030. Climate adaptation, ecosystem restoration and 
protection can reduce risks that carbon sinks not become bigger emitters of 
CO2 n methane! #DRR #ForestHealth e360.yale.edu/features/will-… 
Because of ignorance and oppression of @GreeningDeserts.com cultural, 
educational, scientific, social and sustainable projects we still could not build 
first ecosystem restoration, reforestation and greening camps in Europe who 
are affected by droughts,.. medium.com/@DesertGreening/g… 
Climate, nature and environmental protection is also species protection and 
human protection. Support global Greening Deserts projects like the 
biodiversity and ecosystem restoration camps for coastal areas, man-made 
deserts and damaged forests. We together can fix it worldwide! 
Ecological forestry and nature-near forests with much biodiversity are the key 
to global health and healthy environments. Agroforestry or food forests can 
reform agriculture. Read more about ecosystem restoration, greening and 
reforestation @GreeningDeserts projects. #ecoforestry 
Every day is #WorldFoodDay, but sadly not for anyone. Over 800 million 
humans suffer by hunger, millions of children in many nations. Even in rich 
countries many people are so poor that they can't get enough healthy food! 
The world produces enough food.. issuewire.com/greening-deserts-trillion-
trees-initiative… 
In 2016 we started the international greening movement in Africa, Europe and 
India, South Asia. Now it is a global movement! Many African states planted 
millions and some even billions of trees. Thank you! #BillionTrees 
#GreeningAfrica #GlobalGreening #Reforestation #TreePlanting 
Improve forestry, forest ecosystems and biodiversity by increasing native 
forest plants, endangered tree species and with indigenous advise or 
knowledge. You can read countless articles and tweets here and on the project 
pages. #ForestHealth #DryForest #MixedForest #WetForest 
Since first forest observation from space and satellites who mapped vegetation
it is clear how much trees planet Earth has/had approximately - thanks to ESA 
and NASA. Studies with more precise figures used the data, but not including 
all hidden and small trees. #3TrillionTrees 
Since years we support biodiversity, greening and reforestation in Africa by 
advises, promoting and sharing forest projects. Regreening is more than 
planting trees or green plants. #DRR #GlobalGreening #ForestDays 
#IntlForestDay #WetForest #Wetlands #Wildlife #WorldWaterDay 
Started a new forest campaign to support peace-building by sustainable 
greening and reforestation called 'Plant Trees For Peace'. United nations should
help us to create healthy ecosystems for more global health and peace. 
#EarthDay #IntlForestDay #PeaceDay s #PlantPeaceTrees 
The Trillion Trees Initiative is not only about plants and forests, but also about 
animals, insects and ecosystems with trees. The main focus is on biodiversity 
conservation, endangered tree species and humans. Indigenous peoples, art, 
cultures and experiences are other themes. 
Global browning, dark soils, damaged or dry soils, urban concrete deserts, 
streets, deforestation, desertification or land degradation are main factors in 
global warming. Brown, grey or dark surfaces heat up faster and longer. 
Evergreens, brighter / reflective surfaces could help 
Global Greening Camps and Trillion Trees Initiative for Europe and Africa can 
reduce climate change effects and bad impacts like desertification, droughts, 
land degradation and water scarcity! #DRR #GlobalGreening #Reforestation 
#Regreening #UrbanGreening 
Global Greening and Urban Greening, greater biodiversity and better 
ecosystem restoration are the best solutions for cooling and regreening planet 
Earth. That's why the Global Greening Organization and Trillion Trees Initiative 
started many projects for issuewire.com/global-greenin… 
Greening camps are for people and regions that need better greening 
solutions, techniques and practices to accelerate and improve greening efforts. 
Most facilities can be run by locals and operate independently. It's not 
necessary to buy land, we can lease if really necessary. 
It is a unique concept that offers people and regions everything they need to 
improve biodiversity, ecosystem restoration, regreening and reforestation. Main
tasks are the sharing and provision of know-how, plants, equipment and 
corresponding resources - also for #UrbanGreening 
A new campaign and project for water canisters to help people in drought-
affected regions such as Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia has been launched. 
Mobile water storage for better fire protection, urban greening, roof gardens 
and much more. #WaterCanisters #RainWater #Irrigation 
Calling United Nations, European and African Union to immediately establish an
emergency water infrastructure and transport fresh water, canisters and solar 
pumps to drought-affected regions. #DRR #Drought #EastAfrica #watercrisis 
#waterscarcity #watersharing #UNWaterConference 
For growing fast food, use #microgreens like certain beans and seeds that 
germinate quickly. You can grow fast food in just a week! The fastest solution, 
works even in bottles, cans or trays. Also try using natural or wild herbs and 
ask indigenous people for advice, seeds,.. 
If UN or EU finally supports us we could start a bigger campaign for mobile 
water canisters and water filter tubes. We couldn't start because there was a 
lack of interest and support. Maybe it will change this year? #Africa #Drought 
#DRR #MobileWater #Umbrella #RainWater #WaterCanister #WaterFilters
It's great that many are talking or sharing about water issues and the 
upcoming #UNWaterConference, but the attention and main issue in this 
regard should be the food, drought and water crisis in East Africa! Every day 
and aid counts now, as water shortages reach critical levels. Mar 19
In 2022 we wanted to start a project for water canisters to support people in 
affected drought regions like in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. They could also 
be useful for better fire protection, urban greening, roof gardens and so much 
more. #MillionCanister Campaign for Africa.
Innovation of the Year is a well-known item that has been transformed into a 
multifunctional item for disaster preparedness. The fire protection canister in 
German Brandschutzkanister was developed for first aid, humanitarian 
purposes and relief actions - especially for people and aid operations who need
freshwater and rainwater. The canister concept is also for regions that are or 
have been affected by droughts, floods and fires. The canister solution and 
project could save many lives - if the founder and project developer finally 
receives financial and proper support for his project developments. 
International partners and sponsors are also welcome to join further projects 
like CESRPP, GreeningCamp, PalmCoffee, PalmForest and SolarCoolBox.org.  
The idea and project for the mobile fire protection and drinking water canister 
was started by @DJOGC during the first signs of a creeping drought in 2022. 
The innovation is not just a special concept idea, but a combination of 
important elements such as an umbrella and a water filter pipe or tube to 
collect, save and protect fresh and rain water. With this innovative invention, 
people will have better access to clean water and safe drinking water. The 
canisters can also be equipped with off-road wheels or a suitable rack. With all 
these features and functions, it is even a world first and could improve the food
and water security of many countries or regions. Every responsible nation 
should establish a depot or reservoir to have quick access in case of 
emergency. It is important to have much clean canisters in reserve!
Not much media and governments reporting about such important issues or 
taking it not serious enough. The droughts and associated impacts are the 
main cause of most of the problems, especially related to the ongoing food and
water crisis in East Africa. Somalia is most affected.. 
Deforestation and palm oil production is responsible for much of biodiversity 
loss, climate changes and global warming. Millions of hectares of ancient 
forests, rainforests and billions of trees are lost. That's why we started the 
project #PalmForestOrg for more real palm forests 
Since 2018 we informed many African nations and regions like in North Africa. 
People and organizations from Morocco to Egypt were interested. First 50 
million palms each year, later more, including many species of palm trees and 
other plants like bamboo and hemp. #Agroforestry++ 
Greening Deserts project developer developed some very innovative 
alternatives and really sustainable solutions how to reduce the bad impacts of 
palm oil plantations. You can read more about the global project for palm 
forests, how to reduce or transform monocultures and palm oil plantations to 
more environmentally friendly areas with more biodiversity, higher yields and 
better climate. Stop new plantations in biodiverse and rainforest regions, make
them instead in man-made deserts and wastelands! So easy. #FoodForests 
#PalmForests medium.com/@GreeningCamp/grening-deserts
Main focus is on biodiversity, various plant and tree species that have been lost
or are endangered. We can return them to forest, grassland and wetland 
ecosystems on a large scale. Greening camps and mobile greenhouse 
containers can accelerate and enhance all of these efforts. 
Greening Deserts started the Greening MENA project to reduce desertification 
and land degradation by sustainable desalination, irrigation, greening and 
reforestation especially in North Africa. #GreeningMENA #GreatGreenWall 
#NorthAfrica #TrillionTrees 
The Trillion Trees Initiative was published the first time by ChangeGames and 
@GreeningDeserts. Some copied the ideas and many people followed the 
movement. Since 2020 there were many attacks on Greening Deserts project 
accounts, all was documented. Many desertification.wordpress.co… 
On International Forest Day, remember biodiversity and ancient forests, 
indigenous cultures and native plant species. Reduce deforestation, protect old 
trees and rainforests. Support reforestation of damaged ecosystems with 
endangered tree species! #InternationalForestDay 
People and organizations from the game and media branch or scene can 
confirm this. Through some background checks and investigative research we 
found out from which direction various attacks or reporting came. Also on 
@DJOGC and other project accounts ban attempts were recorded 
The Trillion Trees Initiative calls on all nations, churches and religious leaders 
to do more for the global peace process. More communication, diplomacy and 
peacebuilding are needed to end such conflicts and wars, especially between 
America, China, Europe, Russia and Ukraine. 
The only way to achieve real peace is to admit one's own mistakes, through 
reasonable communication, peace-building and understanding. Ignorance, 
further military aggression, armament and violence are no solution to create 
true and lasting peace. #PeaceBuilding #PeaceProcess 
The Trillion Trees Initiative respects all world religions and cultures of good 
faith. We do not favor any particular religion or deity. If some religions have 
many gods and goddesses, only one or no god, we should all respect that. 
#ReligiousFreedom #GoldenRule #WorldReligions 
More interesting backgrounds, quotes and words of wisdom of world's religions
will follow. This is part of cultural, religious and spiritual education - also to 
promote cultural diplomacy, peace, respect and understanding. #Belief #Faith 
#Peace #SpiritualEducation
Global and Urban Greening, along with greater biodiversity conservation and 
better ecosystem restoration are probably the best solutions to most of the 
problems mentioned. This is also why the Drought Research, Global Greening &
Trillion Trees Initiative started. #DroughtResearch 
Blame all that monocultures. Such forestry increasing destructive effects of 
climate change. Other main factors are drainage, erosion, loss of wetlands, 
evergreen cover and wet areas for agriculture. Every degree has 
consequences, especially in regions that are already above 2°C! 
Other main factors are water intense mining industries like coal and lithium 
production who waste enormous water, they even use freshwater or 
groundwater. You can see in Europe and especially Germany these man-made 
deserts and drylands increased drought effects, land degradation, 
Climate disasters caused by severe weather events are normal, but when 
climate and environmental systems are out of balance, they become even 
more intense. Severe droughts can be followed by severe floods, as in Malawi 
in recent days. #DRR #WorldWaterDay s foreignpolicy.com/2023/03/22… 
After reading the recent news about the disaster, we all hope that as many 
nations and organizations as possible will help to overcome the water crisis in 
the affected regions - be it the effects of the drought and water shortage or the
damage caused by the floods and storm. Mar 22
Disaster preparedness can be improved by better Disaster Risk Reduction, 
warning systems and water management. More emergency infrastructures and
protection equipment can help, too. Nature-near solutions like trees and 
wetlands or wet forests can reduce flood impacts, too. #DRR2 
Droughts and heat waves of recent years clearly show that the climate crisis 
has a significant impact on our lives, the environment, consumption and our 
economy. Climate change adaptation with greening, reforestation and resilient 
plants, trees or forests can help. #IntlForestDay 
Greening Deserts includes also the Drought Research Institute. It is an 
ongoing project development with many connections to similar projects, much 
contacts, experiences, studies and works - experts, networks and scientists 
included. If the project get finally real, active and with financial support, we 
can build an extra platform to publish or share more of our work and important
research such as historical, innovative and very professional climate 
adaptation, disaster risk reduction, disaster preparedness, drought forecasting 
and real sustainable solutions - especially for Africa and Europe. Our work 
already saved many lives during the drought years and droughts since 2018. 
Many people, organizations and even famous institutions used our work, also 
for other sectors like economy, education,.. - can be proven on many ways! 
Here some articles about #desertification, #deforestation, droughts and 
pollution in Europe. Nations must act faster. #desertgreening #regreening 
renewablematter.eu/articles/…, phys.org/news/2022-06-sands-…, 
theguardian.com/commentisfre…, greeningdeserts.com/drought-… #reforest 
#desertforest #wetforest 
In Africa and Europe there was no independent research institute for drought 
research, greening solutions, greentech, urban greening, reforestation and 
desert research. This was also a reason for the planning and project 
developments like #DroughtResearch and #GlobalGreening.org. 
Support the Drought Research Institute with focus on desertification, 
deforestation, disaster preparedness, mining, land degradation, greening or 
regreening, drought prevention and reduction, risk and water management,... 
#DRM #DRR #DroughtPrevention #DroughtResearch #SoilRescue 
The Trillion Trees Initiative is part of Greening Deserts with the global project 
for the Drought Research Institute. It is the first ongoing project development 
for a special institute of this kind for and in Africa and Europe. #DRI #DRR 
#DroughtResearch.org #GlobalGreening.org 
The world's first drought research institute is a major project development with
main focus on causes, impacts and prevention of #droughts and 
#megadroughts. The Global Greening Deserts and Trillion Trees Initiative could
work better and faster with active and financial support. 
Time is running, each day counts. Act now this month! Prepare all you can to 
reduce risks of more extreme drought effects or impacts. The creeping drought
in Africa and Europe is crawling and expanding. Many scientists predict a dry 
and hot summer. It's very serious #DRR #DRR2! 
#IntlForestDay #WorldWaterDay Most of the world's fresh water comes from 
forests. People who will not sustain trees will soon live in a world that will not 
sustain people. - Bryce Nelson To be without trees would, in the most literal 
way, to be without our roots. - Richard Mabey 
Most of the global freshwater comes from forests. World's waters and weather 
cycles depend on trees. #TrillionTrees Initiative .. We need water and we need 
these forests. Wangari Maathai kidadl.com/articles/best-wat… 
In memory of the inventor of the Green Belt Movement, which was followed by
the Billion Trees Initiative and Great Green Wall. With best wishes for all 
African people and nations. Unite by healthy environments, forests and nature.
Remember your roots, trees and indigenous people. 
One reason we started the startup and project development for the Global 
Greening Institution and to push or support the global greening process. 
#GlobalGreening.org and #TrillionTrees.eu+in is n will be the world's main 
platform for global greening, regreening and reforestation. 
The Trillion Trees Initiative is not just about trees, but to support the global 
greening or regreening process. Reforestation and planting tree species is just 
a part. Creating, expanding and supporting natural ecosystems like grasslands,
forests and wetlands are the main tasks. 
Trillion Trees Initiative supports recycling actions, developments and initiatives 
because it's part of the concept of each ecosystem restoration, reforestation 
and Greening Camp project - same with cleantech like solar technologies for 
desalination. Kelp and underwater forests.. 
We have briefed hundreds of climate scientists and researchers on the drought 
issue and why there are so few research facilities. Especially science parks in 
Africa that could use such professional facilities. So we decided to start a 
campus for #DroughtResearch.com! #DRR #RM #WM 
We, the Global Greening and Trillion Trees Community, hope that many nations
will join the global greening movement and the Great Green Wall project for 
North Africa, as well as further global greening camp projects. 
#GlobalGreening #TrillionTreesInitiative 
We launched Greening Kenya some years ago to support more regreening and 
reforestation in East Africa. Many African people know how it started and 
joined the movement. #GreeningAfrica #GreeningKenya #GreeningRwanda 
#IntlForestDay #WorldWaterDay 
We supporting indigenous and regional efforts for biodiversity, species 
conservation and environmental protection for years. Keep up the great work, 
let's protect world's rainforests! They need more active protectors, native or 
indigenous rangers,.. #IntlForestDay #rainforest #wetforest #worldforest 
Cutting global food waste is one part, already many people and organizations 
working on. Avoiding overproduction, improving production on-demand, 
preserving food, and keeping food fresh should be equally important! More 
efficient transport, cooling, solar drying, pulverization,.. read more.
It is time to fight global hunger for more than 800 million people and hundreds
of millions of children through better food sharing, preservation and 
distribution systems. greeningdeserts.com/greening… #agroforestry, #DRR 
#UN #foodsecurity, #foodsharing, #foodpreservation #WorldFoodDay 
Forests hold and provide much of the freshwater for all life on planet Earth. 
#ForestDay #IntlForestDay #WorldWaterDay God has cared for these trees, 
saved them from drought, disease, avalanches, and a thousand tempests and 
floods. But he cannot save them from fools. - John Muir 
Here some more Palm Sunday quotes, good prayers and wishes for Africa. 
Enjoy the Holy Week and have a great Easter or Pasha holiday - whether you 
are a Christian or not. Belief in the good in humans and faith. #PalmSunday 
#PalmLeaves #PalmWeek 
On Palm Sunday we want to remember on some interesting stories around 
palms. It is also the famous Christian celebration that marks the beginning of 
the Holy Week leading to Easter Sunday. A good day to celebrate humanity, 
unity, palms and trees of course. #PalmSunday #PalmTrees 
Congrats people of California! Finally, some officials who really doing 
something to implement the most effective solution to avoid or reduce 
microplastics in urban wastewater and water cycles. To much plastic waste 
ends up into rivers and oceans - and in the fishes at the end. 
Informed many times about such big plastic waste problems and solutions. I 
thought the EU and UK would introduce European standards for all households 
in 2022. A microplastic filter costs not much and can be fully subsidised! Wake 
up Europe, stop ignorance n missed opportunities. 
European actors or such actions are also responsible for many man-made 
climate disasters, more extreme droughts, floods, fires and water problems 
caused by certain agriculture, forestry and mining firms. Coal and wood 
burning destroys and kills the most. euractiv.com/section/climate… 
Further pollution and heating of climate and environment by 
responsible industries and humans leads to more conflicts and crises! 
Telling these issues since years, offered solutions so many times. 
#globalcooling #globalgreening #peaceprocess #urbangreening 
msnbc.com/the-reidout/reidou 
Instead of pumping tax money into destruction and pollution, UN 
members should use it for international aid, DRR, education AND 
cultural, ecological, scientific and social development. Fossil fuel 
subsidies alone are ~6 trillion, but that's nothing compared to military 
spending. 
Only 26 hours of global military spending is enough to cover the $5.5 billion 
needed to help most at risk. Hundreds of millions of children suffer from 
hunger, many die each day! This was 2021,how is it now 2022? 
#ChildrensRights #ChildPoverty #HumanRights rescue.org/press-release/aid… 
In 2021 e-waste is surging at 57.4 million tons with just 17.4% being recycled 
as per 2019 figures. 9% of all plastic waste ever produced has been recycled. 
#ewaste #plasticwaste #recycling #wastefacts ourworldindata.org/plastic-
p…, theguardian.com/environment/…, sciencenews.org/article/annu… 
It's not only criminal how much tax money is or was wasted in Germany. The 
corruption is more worse then many think. Billions for corrupt "partners" or 
questionable organizations and much moved in their own pockets. More on the 
network and upcoming report. lobbycontrol.de/pipelines-in… 
Never forget Repair! Developed a great formula for real sustainable living, 
production, consumption and working. It is Recycle, Repair, Replace, Reuse and
Upcycle – especially for e-waste and plastics. #RRRRU 
greeningdeserts.com/species-protection... #Recycling #Upcycling #ZeroWaste 
#ZeroWasteDay 
Global Greening & Trillion Trees Initiative @TrillionTreesInitiative Mar 23
Many ecosystems reached their limits. Carbon sinks and sequestration decline, 
turning into sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Risks of more extreme 
climate or weather events like droughts, forest fires, floods and storms 
increase that effects. Oceans also will reach limit... is this responsible 
governance and science? Since years we inform climate scientists, 
environmental organizations and responsible people, also in or of the UN 
network. Still today many ignore this, important facts and do not support our 
work. So it will not get better! #DRR
Marine protected areas, paper parks, policies and other measures are not very 
effective if lakes, rivers, oceans and other waters continue to be polluted. Many
ecosystems in general or worldwide are damaged by air pollution, plastics and 
other harmful or toxic factors! MPAs can.. read more.
OMG, 1% climate funding for indigenous people and communities who 
protecting over 80% of world's biodiversity!? A clear evidence that over 
decades global organizations and even UN missed to finance the best nature 
protectors and solutions for biodiversity! news.mongabay.com/2021/11/in… 
Seems EU don't want to learn, stop wood burning, destroying biodiversity, 
carbon sinks and forests who are the last chance to reduce the crises. If 
Europe fails to stop this humanity, won't survive - coal combustion, wood 
industry,.. are mainly responsible. #ecocide #genocide 
The EU must stop burning trees for renewable energy Wood burning is many 
times more harmful for air, health, soils and waters as coal or lignite! If 
responsibles ignoring the environmental destruction and death rates they 
aren't better as the polluters. politico.eu/article/the-eu-c… 
These "protected areas" are often not good protected because many nations do
not follow their own laws, plans and rules they proudly presented at events like
COP26, COP27 or COP15. The other main problem you can see in the picture. 
Many #MPAs are ineffective so long root causes like air, plastic and water 
pollution are not really solved or reduced. Greenwashing or false solutions like 
30x30 or unrealistic targets will not solve these problems! Further ignorance of
all these factors will even make things worse. #AirPollution #OceanPlastics 
#RiverPlastics 
In Africa, only about 4,000 of the 2.2 million tonnes of e-waste are collected - 
less than 0.5%! Insufficient collection rates and informal dumping pose 
significant environmental and health risks. Why are so many of these "great 
leaders" silent on this issue? #AU #EU #UN There is..
Stemming the Plastic Tide: 10 Rivers Contribute Most of the Plastic in Oceans 
Read also how all these plastics can be collected and recycled faster with 
Recycling Ships. @Recycling_Ship #PlasticRecycling #PlasticFishery 
#PlasticFishing #PlasticMarket! scientificamerican.com/article… 
More weekly or monthly tweets you can see by using the search function, to 
get a better overview or finding special topics etc.. Each active and 
constructive feedback is welcome. If you want to help or support a bit, even if 
it is just by symbolic sharing, it would be also a nice gesture.