Ethics of Testing and Research of Manufactured Organs - Pubrica
                     ETHICS OF 
TESTING  AND 
RESEARCH OF  
MANUFACTURED  
ORGANS
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, 
Pubrica  Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: [email protected]
Today's Discussion
Outline
In Brief
Introduction
Ethics of Testing Manufacturing Organs
Examples of ethical issues in organ 
manufacturing  Conclusion
In Brief
Organ transplantation is the most effective in cost and treatment for end-  
stages like renal failure, and for the end-stage loss of organs such as liver, lung 
 and heart, it is the only available treatment. The approaches of manufacturing  
organs are “the production of product for use or sale using labour, machines,  
tools, and chemical and biological changes.” It is closely related to  
engineering, industrial design, and development in material properties.
Mainly,  our technical team proudly supports research proposal 
writing services in  medical research; the main aim of the research proposal is 
to afford  convenience in investigations to study a specific topic in depth.
Introduction
Organ manufacturing technology is a sequence of  
elegant technique which can be used to produce human 
 organs based on bionic principle.
From the past last ten years; outstanding progress has been 
 completed in the development of numerous organ  
manufacturing technologies.
Organ manufacturing technology can be classified into three 
 groups: 1. Fully mechanized; 2. Semi mechanized; 3. 
Hand-  worked; each has its own advantages and 
disadvantages  for artificial organ manufacturing.
Contd..
One of the best techniques in artificial organ manufacturing is to 
 connect both the process like three-dimensional printing technique  
and naturally assemble personal cells along with another  
biomaterial to develop unique organ replacement for human organ  
failure and damaged organs.
Ethics
The method needs to be in line with different  
of Testing  protocol to show on Human Right and biomedicine  
Manufacturin on organ manufacturing, organ transplanting and 
g  Organs  tissues of a human.
Then the council of Europe’s resolution on  
resolution and compatibility of regulation of  
members states describe to removal, implanting  
and transplantation of human’s substance to  
ensure that all condition of organ transplantation,  
tissue and cell banking and manufacturing organs 
 confirm to ethical standards.
Contd..
In case of any interference in the field, then organ, tissue and cells 
 transplantation should be carried out followed by applicable  
professional obligation and standards.
There are so many ethical r esearch proposals help service 
available to
reduce your pressure.
Example 1.Technology: Tissue Engineering (tissues)
s  of 
Ethical Goal: The main aim of this tissue engineering is to  
Issues in separate living cells from a small tissue sample,multiply  
them in the r esearch laboratory and then test them on  
Organ  biomaterials or biocompatibility structure that control c el
Manufact l  d evelopment into working tissues for implantation.
uring
Risks of harm to humans:The hype of any material in  
the body carries with it some risk that the body will  
recognize it as a foreign materials invader and engulf it 
 with macrophages, resulting in inflammation.
Contd..
After implantation, possible defective tissues, teratoma, or the dislodgement and 
 migration of implant materials and cells, are compounded by the fact that the  
implantation may be an irreversible process.
 Tissue engineering frequently uses biodegradable components (e.g. polylactic acid) 
in  the tissue scaffold.
The use of degradable materials in an implant increases the risk of harm to the  
recipient because the degradation produces by-products which can then move 
 through the bloodstream.
Contd.
.
Risks associated with biodegradation by-products include cytotoxicity, clotting, inefficient  
excretion resulting in a build-up of toxins in the body, and migration of products resulting  
in the disruption of another organ.
2. Technology: Bioprinting
Goal: Bioprinting process often involves extrusion of cells, encapsulated in a synthetic 
 scaffold medium, through a narrow nozzle, subjecting them to high shear forces.
Risks of harm to a human: Although shear Bioprinting forces are typically minimized to 
 have no impact on cell survival, transient forces may still activate mechano transduction  
pathways which could disrupt the normal function of the cells.
Contd..
In particular, the quick details may act to direct stem cells towards an undesired 
 lineage 3 D Bioprinting process often requires a curing step whereby the printed 
 (liquid) bio-ink is transformed into a more concrete form.
This curing step usually involves exposure to UV light and crosslinking initiation  
chemicals.
Again, though the toxicity of curing is screened in the short term, the ultimate  
effects of such disclosure may include DNA damage and may not be apparent 
 until after implantation.
Conclusion
From various concerns raised above, its evident that the  
ethical issues in manufacturing organs are more than just 
 about our freedom to use any b iological item with any  
biomaterial ink.
Our expert team can do in both qualitative and quantitative 
  r esearches proposal writing which include subject 
matter  materials like medical research.
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