A May 2023 report from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) found that despite legal obligations to provide meaningful language access for individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP), many criminal justice-related organizations and agencies struggle to quantify needs and actualize best practices. Nancy Rodriguez, a UCI Professor of Criminology, Law, and Society, and Meghan Ballard, a doctoral candidate in the same department, presented the report, Establishing, Implementing, and Maintaining a Language Access Program.