Kidney failure is a very serious medical condition when the kidneys lose their ability to function. Kidneys are an essential organ that filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood, maintain the balance of electrolytes, and control blood pressure. Poor functioning of the kidneys can bring many complications, from organ damage and cardiovascular diseases to death in the most extreme cases. Kidney failure can be divided into two broad categories: acute kidney injury, or AKI and chronic kidney disease or CKD. Both conditions call for immediate treatment for kidney failure and are usually handled by nephrologists or kidney specialists who oversee the treatment plan.