ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 
                     ENVIRONMENTAL 
MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION:
Environmental Management System (EMS) refers to the management of an 
organization’s environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, 
planned and documented manner. It includes the organizational structure, 
planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy 
for environmental protection.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Features of Environmental Management System:
 Serves as a tool, or process, to improve environmental performance
 Provides a systematic way of managing an organization’s 
environmental affairs
 Creates environmental buy-in from management and employees and 
assigns accountability and responsibility
 Focuses on continual improvement of the system and a way to 
implement policies and objectives to meet a desired result
 Encourages contractors and suppliers to establish their own EMS
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
EMS MODEL:
An EMS follows a Plan-Do-Check-Act, or PDCA, Cycle. The diagram shows the 
process of first developing an environmental policy, planning the EMS, and then 
implementing it. The process also includes checking the system and acting on it. 
The model is continuous because an EMS is a process of continual improvement in 
which an organization is constantly reviewing and revising the system.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA):
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) means a formalized procedure for 
examination, analysis and assessment for planned activities  with a view to 
ensuring environmentally sound and sustainable development. It is defined as 
“an anticipatory, participatory integrative environmental management tool, 
which has ultimate objective of providing information to the decision makers 
with an indication of the likely consequences of their decision relating to 
new projects or programs, plans or policies.”
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Schematic Representation of EIA Process: 
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Benefits of EIA:
 Reduced cost and time of project implementation
 Cost saving modification in project design
 Improved Project performance
 Improved human health
 Maintenance biodiversity
 Decreased resource use
 A healthier local environment
 Increased community skills, knowledge and pride
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Methods of EIA:
 Industrial products - Product environmental life cycle analysis (LCA) is used for 
identifying and measuring the impact of industrial products on the environment. 
These EIAs consider activities related to extraction of raw materials, ancillary 
materials, equipment; production, use, disposal and ancillary equipment.
 Genetically modified plants - Specific methods available to perform EIAs 
of genetically modified organisms include GMP-RAM and INOVA.
 EIA methods need measurement data to estimate values of impact indicators. 
However, many of the environment impacts cannot be quantified, e.g. landscape 
quality, lifestyle quality and social acceptance. Instead information from similar 
EIAs, expert judgment and community sentiment are employed. Approximate 
reasoning methods known as fuzzy logic can be used.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Environmental Audit:
Environmental Audits are intended to quantify environmental  
performance and environmental position. In this way they perform an 
analogous function to financial audits. An environmental Audit report 
ideally contains a statement of environmental performance and 
environmental position, and may also aim to define what needs to be done 
to sustain or improve on indicators of such performance and position.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Scopes of Environmental Audit:
 Verification of legislative and regulatory compliance
 Assessment of internal policy and procedural conformance
 Establishment of current practice status
 Identification of improvement opportunities 
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Environmental Protection Law:
"environmental and natural resources law" - is a collective term describing 
the network of treaties, statutes, regulations, common and customary laws 
addressing the effects of human activity on the natural environment. The core 
environmental law regimes address environmental pollution. A related but 
distinct set of regulatory regimes, now strongly influenced by environmental 
legal principles, focus on the management of specific natural resources, such as 
forests, minerals, or fisheries. Other areas, such as environmental impact 
assessment, may not fit neatly into either category, but are nonetheless 
important components of environmental law.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Air Pollution Control Act:
The Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 (Pub.L. 84–159, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322) 
was the first Clean Air Act (United States) enacted by Congress to address the 
national environmental problem of air pollution on July 14, 1955. This was "an act to 
provide research and technical assistance relating to air pollution control".
The Air Pollution Control Act contained no provisions for the federal 
government to actively combat air pollution by punishing polluters. The next 
Congressional statement on air pollution would come with the Clean Air Act of 
1963. California was the first state to act against air pollution when the 
metropolis of Los Angeles began to notice deteriorating air quality. The location 
of Los Angeles furthered the problem as several geographical and meteorological 
problems unique to the area exacerbated the air pollution problem.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 Before the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, air pollution was not 
considered a national environmental problem.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Water Pollution Control Act:
The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in  India. Its 
objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological 
integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and nonpoint pollution 
sources, providing assistance to publicly owned treatment works for the 
improvement of waste water treatment, and maintaining the integrity 
of wetlands.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 List of Environmental Laws in India:
 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
 Biological Diversity Act, 2002
 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
 Forest Conservation Act, 1980
 Hazardous Waste Handling and Management Act, 1989
 Indian Forest Act, 1927
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
 National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
 Noise Pollution rule
 Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act of 2001
 Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991
 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest 
Rights) Act, 2006
 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), 1974
 Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002
 Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
WHAT IS KYOTO PROTOCOL
BACKGROUND





CURRENT STATUS
CONCLUSION