Referencing & Excel Shortcuts for Financial Modeling
                     Referencing & Excel Shortcuts for Financial Modeling
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Financial modeling is the process of building financial models to assess the value of 
businesses. If you are familiar with spreadsheets or have taken financial modeling 
training, then financial modeling will be an easy task for you. You can build financial 
models by using Excel. The basic concepts of financial modeling certifications are the same 
as the fundamental concepts of finance. A financial model includes the following elements: 
Debt, Asset, Equity, Cash Flow, Budget, Revenue and Cost Formula.
Generally, a financial model is a mathematical spreadsheet that shows how a company will 
perform in the future. It will include complex calculations related to the company’s financial 
performance and it may also include calculations that show the impact of new strategies on 
the company.
The idea of developing a financial model is to provide the users of the model with a 
comprehensive and understandable picture of how the company is performing financially.
Financial models can be used to create realistic scenarios to see how the company can 
perform over time.
The output of the financial model can be used to evaluate and make decisions on the 
company’s financial performance.
For example, a financial model can show how the company’s performance will be affected 
by changes to the company’s strategies or assets.  Financial models are very useful tools 
that can help any business or organization predict how the organization will perform and 
react to changes. Thus, financial modelling and excel training is a must nowadays in 
financial modeling certifications.
Excel shortcuts to Audit Financial Models
In general, shortcuts let you get things done faster and easier. The following shortcuts will 
definitely help you improve your financial model. Financial modeling and excel training 
are the best ways to improve your financial goals.
Shortcut 1: Using the F4 key, you can copy formula into other cells, across columns and 
down rows.
Shortcut 2: Use Ctrl + =, Ctrl+ - to sum a column of numbers or a row of numbers.
Shortcut 3: If you want to freeze the formulas on particular cells, use Ctrl+Shift+& (For Mac: 
Cmd + Shift + &). Shortcut 4: In order to quickly copy a formula from one cell to another cell, 
use Ctrl+; (For Mac: Cmd + ;).
Shortcut 5: To get a trendline for the trendline, use either Ctrl + Shift + F or Ctrl + Shift + T.
Shortcut 6: To sum numbers in a cell, use Ctrl + Shift + Enter (For Mac: Cmd + Shift + 
Enter).
Shortcut 7: Undo any action using Ctrl + Z (For Mac: Cmd + Z).
Shortcut 8: To copy values from one cell to another cell, use Ctrl + Shift + C (For Mac: 
Cmd + Shift + C).
Shortcut 9: To copy values from a range to another cell, do the following: Select range 
A1:A15. Press Ctrl + Shift + V (For Mac: Cmd + Shift + V).
Shortcut 10: To delete empty rows, use Ctrl + * (For Mac: Cmd + *).
Top Excel Shortcuts You Need for Financial Modeling
Here is a list of a few shortcuts that will help you become a human calculator and make your 
life easier when you are working on financial models:
●CTRL+A: Selects all the cells in a worksheet.
●CTRL+C: Copies the selected cell contents.
●CTRL+INS: Copies the formulas of the selected cell.
● CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER: Copy the formulas to the rest of the "References" of a 
formula in a cell.
● CTRL+Z: Undo the last action.
● CTRL+ALT+D: Creates a Pivot Table in a blank cell next to the active cell.
● CTRL+ENTER: When you are entering data in a cell, press CTRL+ENTER to move 
to the next line in the cell.
● CTRL+SHIFT+MINUS SIGN: Insert new row below the active cell.
● CTRL+SHIFT+PLUS SIGN: Insert new column to the right of the active cell.
● SHIFT+F9: While using a function in a cell, press SHIFT+F9 to evaluate the function 
and display the result in the cell. For example, in an SUM function, it will display a 
sum of all the values in the active cell.
● CTRL+ALT+F1: Open the "Microsoft Excel Help" window. In a Pivot Table, press F2 
to open the "PivotTable Fields" window.
● Press CTRL+F2 to hide the PivotTable Fields window and CTRL+SHIFT+
● Highlight selected cells & press Alt + 3. This will display the Formula bar at the top of 
your worksheet. Pressing Alt + 4 will remove it.
● Copy selected cells & press Alt + 2. This will copy the formula from the selected cell, 
but leave the cell range intact. If you hold Alt and press 4, you will have a formula, 
but with duplicates.
● Once you have a formula that looks good to you, copy the formula. Press Ctrl + End. 
This will copy all the cells in the worksheet to your clipboard.
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