History of Cricket
Slide 1 History of Cricket The sport of cricket has a known history start in the late 16th century. Having originated in southeast England, it became the country's national sport in the 18th century and has developed globally in the 19th and 20th centuries. International matches have been played since 1844 and Test cricket began, retrospectively recognised, in 1877. The first recorded cricket match took place in Kent in 1646, and by the late 1600s, fines were actually handed out for those who missed church to play. Cricket was popular and widely documented in England during the 1700s. In 1706, William Goldwyn published the first description of the game. He wrote that two teams were first seen carrying their curving bats to the venue, choosing a pitch and arguing over the rules. That time they pitched two sets of wickets, each with a “milkwhite” bail perched on two stumps, they tossed a coin for first knock, the umpire called “play,” and the “leathern orb” was bowled. They had fourball overs, the umpires leaned on their staves (which the batsmen had to touch to complete a run), and the scorers sat on a mound making notches. The first written “laws of cricket” were established in 1744. They stated, “The principals shall choose from among the gentlemen present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes. The stumps must be twentytwo inches high and the bail across them six inches. The ball must be between five and six ounces, and the two sets of stumps twentytwo yards apart.” There were no limits on the shape or size of the bat. The weight of the ball was limited to between five and a half and five and threefourth ounces, and the width of the bat to four inches. The latter ruling followed an inning by a batsman called “Shock” White, who appeared with a bat the width of the wicket. In 1774, the first leg before law was published. Also around this time, a third stump became commonplace. The nineteenth century saw a series of significant changes to the game. Wide deliveries were banned in 1811. The circumference of the ball was specified for the first time in 1838 (its weight had been decided sixty years earlier). Pads, made of cork, became available for the first time in1841, and these were further developed following the invention of vulcanized rubber, which was also used to introduce protective gloves in 1848. At the start of the century, all bowlers were still bowling the ball underarm. However, so the story goes, John Willes became the first bowler to use a “roundarm” technique after practicing with his sister Christina, who had used the technique, as she was unable to bowl underarm due to her wide dress impeding her delivery of the ball. As you can see, the practitioners of underarm and roundarm stayed in the game and were by no means unsuccessful. However, the majority of new players used overarm, and by the 1880s, it was the most favored way of delivering the ball. Interestingly, roundarm disappeared before underarm, which was still being employed until World War I. Most famously, SimpsonHayward toured South Africa in 1909–1910, and the “lobster” was England’s most successful bowler with 23 wickets at 18 apiece. Thereafter, cricket became recognizably the game that is played today, despite many changes regarding leg before dismissals, intimidatory bowling, no balls, the weight of the bats, covered wickets, and protective clothing. In the wake of England’s recent tour of South Africa, the thought of Harrison strolling up to the wicket and delivering the ball underarm does have a certain appeal, and it’s tempting to suggest that he could scarcely have achieved worse results with the oldfashioned technique. Thanks
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